Archive for the ‘Walled In Berlin’ Category

Friendship Train – A Nation United in Generosity

Monday, November 11th, 2024

 

Few Americans today know about the Friendship Train, a largely forgotten chapter in American history that once symbolized the power of generosity and unity. In a time when our nation seems so divided, it’s worth remembering that there was a moment in the past when Americans came together to help people across the world – no politics, no partisan divide, just a shared sense of compassion and goodwill.

Friendship Train – A Humanitarian Endeavor in Post-War Europe

In 1947, two years after the end of World War II, Europe was in ruins. The devastation left by the war was not just physical. It left millions starving, struggling to survive. Despite the end of hostilities, many European nations, especially France and Italy, were still reeling from food shortages and widespread hunger.

That fall, Drew Pearson, an American syndicated columnist, had just returned from Europe, where he had witnessed firsthand the desperate conditions people were facing. He saw how the Communists were gaining favor in parts of Europe simply by handing out small amounts of food, which gave him an idea. Pearson believed the United States could offer a better alternative, one rooted in generosity and goodwill rather than political gain. He proposed a “Friendship Train,” a nationwide campaign to send food to the starving people of Europe.

The Power of Collective Generosity

On October 11, 1947, Pearson announced his idea in a radio broadcast and a newspaper column, calling Americans to donate from their homes, kitchens, gardens, and farms. The response was overwhelming. In just five weeks, Americans from all walks of life came together to contribute. The Friendship Train became more than just a relief effort. It became a symbol of what Americans could achieve when they united for a common cause.

The Journey of the Friendship Train Begins

On November 7, 1947, the Friendship Train set off from Los Angeles with a grand sendoff by Hollywood producers and celebrities. Over the next eleven days, the train traveled across eleven states, making stops in cities from coast to coast. People lined up to donate: farmers sent food from their fields, housewives sent crates with staples, and communities far beyond the trains’ route organized their own donations.

By the time the Friendship Train reached New York City, it was no longer just a local initiative. It had become a national movement. More than 270 boxcars filled with food, clothing, and fuel were collected. This generosity amounted to $40 million worth of supplies, all donated and transported free of charge and without any government involvement. It was a rare moment in history when the American people, driven by compassion, put aside their differences to work together toward a single noble goal.

 

The Friendship Train was a nationwide campaign, initiated by Drew Pearson, to send food to the starving people of post-wwII Europe. https://www.walled-in-berlin.com

The Friendship Train was a nationwide campaign, initiated by Drew Pearson, to send food to the starving people of post-wwII Europe. https://www.walled-in-berlin.com

 

A Gesture of Goodwill with Lasting Impact

What Pearson had hoped would be a modest gesture of goodwill ended up as one of the most successful humanitarian missions in history. Each packet of food carried a personal message of friendship from its American donor. As the train made its way through France and Italy, local ceremonies were held at each stop, with French and Italian citizens expressing their heartfelt gratitude.

The Friendship Train wasn’t just about sending food; it was about sending a message. It was about showing that America cared, that we were willing to help, and that we could unite to do something good for the world. It was a moment when Americans from every corner of the country came together to show the world the power of generosity, compassion, unity, and democracy.

 

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal

 

Hackenporsche – The Environmentally-Friendly Vehicle

Monday, September 23rd, 2024

 

The Hackenporsche is a beloved shopping paraphernalia in Germany, recognized as a practical and eco-friendly alternative for carrying groceries and other purchases. This term humorously describes the two-wheeled shopping bags commonly seen across German cities. The bags, equipped with an extendable handle, transform a strenuous task into a manageable one, especially for those without a car. The design typically features a large bag mounted on a foldable frame, making it easy to store and capable of handling various weather conditions and even stairs.

Origin of the Term Hackenporsche

The term “Hackenporsche” originated in the Berlin dialect during the 1970s or 1980s, although the exact date is not well-documented. It is a playful reference that has spread throughout Germany, often alongside the term “Rentnerporsche” (retiree Porsche).

Meaning Behind the Hackenporsche

“Hackenporsche” is a compound word consisting of “Hacken,” meaning “heels,” and “Porsche,” the name of the luxury sports car brand founded by Ferdinand Porsche in 1948. The term jokingly contrasts the image of a sleek, high-performance car with the modest and practical nature of a shopping bag, usually pulled by older individuals, who often move at reduced speed. This paradox underscores the point that the Hackenporsche lacks speed, class, and luxury, but is a reliable companion for everyday tasks.

 

Hackenporsche - Germany's eco-friendly alternative for carrying groceries home. www.walled-in.berlin.com

Hackenporsche – Germany’s eco-friendly alternative for carrying groceries home. www.walled-in.berlin.com

Changing Perceptions

In recent years, the perception of the Hackenporsche has undergone a significant shift. Once seen as a symbol of elderly practicality, the rolling shopping bag is now embraced by a broader demographic. Young, environmentally-conscious Germans are adopting the Hackenporsche as a statement of sustainability. By choosing this eco-friendly alternative, they reduce their carbon footprint and promote a lifestyle that values practicality and environmental responsibility. The Hackenporsche has evolved from a symbol of necessity to a trendy, green choice that reflects a broader commitment to sustainability.

Conclusion

The Hackenporsche represents more than a convenient way to carry groceries; it embodies a cultural shift towards environmental awareness and practical living. What began as a term for an older generation’s shopping aid is now a modern, eco-conscious trend embraced by people of all ages. As its popularity continues to rise, the Hackenporsche is a testament to the evolving nature of practical fashion and sustainability.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: Historical or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

Pan-European Picnic 35 Years Ago

Monday, August 19th, 2024

The Pan-European Picnic occurred on August 19, 1989, at the border crossing between Austria and Hungary, near Sopron in Hungary and St. Margarethen in Austria. This event became a crucial prelude to the revolutions of 1989, sparking a chain reaction that eventually led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the lifting of the Iron Curtain. During the picnic, over 600 East German citizens broke through the border gate and fled to the West.

The Purpose of the Picnic

The picnic was proposed by Ferenc Mészáros of the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) and Otto von Habsburg, former Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary and then the President of the International Pan-European Union. It was advertised as a celebration of the bonds between Austria and Hungary. Unofficially, however, the organizers hoped to gauge Soviet reaction to an opening in the Iron Curtain.

What was Supposed to Happen

The organizers of the Pan-European Picnic had received government permission to open the border gate for three hours. During this time, an open-air bacon roasting party was planned in a meadow along the Austro-Hungarian border. By noon, approximately 8,000 to 10,000 people had gathered, creating a joyful, friendly, and somewhat chaotic atmosphere. The official program, including speeches by dignitaries from both countries and Germany, was scheduled to begin later in the afternoon.

What Actually Happened at the Pan-European Picnic

To this day, it remains unclear who spread the news and how it was spread. It appears that many people were involved behind the scenes. However, minutes before the official program was set to start, 40–50 East Germans, who had been hiding in a nearby forest, rushed up the hill, broke through the dilapidated wooden border gate, and fled into Austria. The armed border guards had no prior warning or instructions on how to handle the situation, especially since the defectors lacked valid passports. In the ensuing chaos, the guards refrained from taking actions that might have prevented the East Germans from crossing the border. Following the initial wave, two more groups of East Germans crossed into the West that afternoon, totaling more than 600 people.

The exodus was captured on film by the news media, who had been invited to cover the official picnic program. August 19, 1989, marked the beginning of the mass flight of East Germans via Hungary, a Warsaw Pact country, to Austria, a NATO member, and on to Czechoslovakia, ultimately reaching West Germany unhindered.

 

The Pan-European picnic of 19 August 1989 made it possible for more than 600 East German citizens to flee into the West. https://www.walled-in-berlin.com

The Pan-European picnic of 19 August 1989 made it possible for more than 600 East German citizens to flee into the West. https://www.walled-in-berlin.com

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: Historical or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

Why “Fraeulein” is Rarely Used as an Address

Monday, July 15th, 2024

 

Fraeulein as a form of address is generally considered offensive in contemporary German culture. Although historically used to denote unmarried women, the term reflects outdated gender norms. Today, adult women are universally addressed as Frau.

Historical Evolution of Frau and Fraeulein

The use of both terms has changed significantly over the centuries. Frau originates from the Althochdeutsch (the Old High German) word frô, which meant Herr (Mister, Sir, Lord). The origin of the word is masculine because a woman was linguistically considered an extension of a man. Over time, the term evolved to mean My Lady or Madam. Eventually, it became the standard term for addressing a noblewoman. By 1800, Frau became the conventional address for a married woman.

On the other hand, Fraeulein, akin to the English word miss, initially conveyed respect for junior female members of noble families. By the late 19th century, however, it began to be used for unmarried women of all social classes, regardless of age. By the 1960s, the term was widely seen as condescending, sexist, and disrespectful. In 1972, West German authorities officially phased out the use of Fraeulein in all formal contexts.

Why Fraeulein is Considered Offensive

Fraeulein is the diminutive form of Frau and translates to “little Frau,” akin to all German words ending in -chenor -lein, such as Maedchen (girl) or Maennlein (little man). The diminutive suggests that a woman only becomes a Frau upon marriage, emphasizing marital status over personal or professional accomplishments. In contrast, there is no equivalent diminutive for men, as young men are universally addressed as Herr (Mister), regardless of marital status.

"Fraeulein" as a form of address is considered offensive in contemporary Germany cultury. https://www.walled-in-berlin.com, Image courtesy of Mohamed Hassan at Pixabay.

“Fraeulein” as a form of address is considered offensive in contemporary Germany cultury. https://www.walled-in-berlin.com, Image courtesy of Mohamed Hassan at Pixabay.

 

Proper Addressing Practices in Modern Germany

Today, proper etiquette dictates using Frau followed by the lady’s last name (e.g. Frau Miller) for all adult women over 18. For teenage girls, aged 16 to 18, it is appropriate to use their first name and Sie (formal “you”). Younger girls under 15 can be addressed by their first name and du (familiar “you”).

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: Historical or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

In Appreciation of Angela Merkel

Monday, March 18th, 2024

 

Angela Merkel, the former German Chancellor, has been criticized for some of her decisions during her sixteen-year tenure (2005 to 2021). These include taking in more than a million asylum-seekers during the Syrian conflict, setting Germany on a path to a future without nuclear and fossil-fueled power, neglecting infrastructure renewal, and making Germany too dependent on Russian oil and gas. However, I don’t wish to discuss the merits of her political decisions. Instead, I would like to highlight that Angela Merkel was a rare politician who did not have an oversized ego.

 

Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel, https://walled-in-berlin.com. Image by dianakuehn30010 from Pixabay

Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel, https://walled-in-berlin.com. Image by dianakuehn30010 from Pixabay

Merkel’s Strengths

During her 16 years in office, Merkel never suffered from an inflated sense of self-importance or let her ego get in the way of her judgment. She will be known for her humility, down-to-earth personality, and fact-based decision-making. Despite being a global diplomatic heavyweight, she remained unassuming and approachable. Merkel held meetings and received guests at the German Chancellery (The German equivalent of the White House). At the same time, she continued to live with her husband, Joachim Sauer, in the same apartment building they had lived in before she became chancellor. During the Covid-19 pandemic, when toilet paper became a sought-after commodity, she discouraged hoarding and refrained from doing so herself.

Brief History of Angela Merkel

Angela Merkel was raised in Soviet-controlled East Germany, studied chemistry, and started her career as a research chemist. One month after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, she joined the newly founded Democratic Awakening and became the party’s press spokesperson shortly thereafter. In early 1990, the party joined the Alliance for Germany, a coalition with the German Social Union and the Christian Democratic Union. Within 15 years, Merkel had become the Chancellor of Germany and, before long, the unofficial leader of the West.

Amidst a world in which many politicians prioritize power, influence, and notoriety, Merkel’s lack of egotism stands out as a rare quality. It is a trait that is considered old-fashioned by some and fondly remembered and appreciated by many as part of her legacy.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: Historical or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

German Women’s Rights Through History

Monday, February 19th, 2024

In 1919, during the Weimar Republic, German women achieved equality in education for both sexes, equal pay in the professions, equal opportunity in civil service appointments, and the right to vote.

German Women’s Rights During the Weimar Republic

In terms of women’s rights, Germany was one of the most advanced countries in Europe and the United States at the time. By 1932, thirty-six women served in the German Reichstag (Parliament). According to Richard Grunberger (A Social History of the Third Reich), Germany had 100,000 women teachers, 13,000 women musicians, and 3,000 women doctors.

German Women’s Rights Reversed

When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, he reversed the gains German women had made during the Weimar years. He passed legislation that barred them from government and university positions. Girls were banned from learning Latin, a requirement for university entrance. Women were expected to forego careers, be subservient to men, and devote themselves to home and motherhood.

German mother with two girls and a boy in Hitler-Youth Uniform, 1943. www.walled-in-berlin.com

German mother with two girls and a boy in Hitler-Youth Uniform, 1943. www.walled-in-berlin.com

Hitler’s Unemployment Conundrum

In 1932, thirty-three percent of the workforce was without jobs. It was often easier for women to find employment than for men because female labor was cheaper. Hitler decided to reduce unemployment among men by removing women from the labor force. He did so by making interest-free loans of up to 1,000 Reichsmark available to would-be couples if the prospective wife agreed to give up her job. Hitler’s manipulation worked. Within four years, 800,000 women married and opted out of employment.

Hitler’s Ideal Woman – No Rights and No Brains

According to Ian Kershaw (Hitler 1889-1936), Hitler described his ideal woman as “a cute, cuddly, naive little thing – tender, sweet, and stupid.” He detested women with their own opinions, women who smoked, and women who wore make-up. Nazi ideology stated that a woman had a different mission than a man. Her world was her husband, her family, her children, and her home.

Women’s Rights Changed Again

In 1937, Hitler changed his tune about women in the workforce. When war efforts were ratcheted up, married women were needed in the factories so that the men could go to war. Hitler quickly rescinded the interest-free loans to young one-income couples, and within a few months, women made up a third of the employed workforce again.  At one point, Martin Bormann, Adolf Hitler’s private secretary, proposed the army form women’s battalions, a plan quite the opposite of tying women to the home. Then, after Germany’s defeat at Stalingrad in 1943, the Nazi government called for total mobilization of female labor. Forgotten was the Nazi notion that the most suitable place for women is at home. Today, German women enjoy equality in education, pay, and opportunities again.

Moral of the Story

Throughout world history, not just German history, governments have manipulated the populace for political reasons. Propaganda glorifies their objectives. But ideology quickly changes when the objectives change.

 

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

Lufthansa, National Airline of Germany

Monday, January 22nd, 2024

 

Deutsche Lufthansa AG, commonly known as Lufthansa, is the national airline of Germany. Along with its subsidiaries, Austrian Airlines, Swiss International Airlines, Brussels Airlines, and Eurowings, it is the second-largest airline in Europe after the ultra-low-cost carrier, Ryanair. Lufthansa’s primary hub is located at Frankfurt Airport, and its secondary hub is at Munich Airport.

In 1964 and 1965, I worked for Lufthansa in the air freight department at Berlin’s Tempelhof Airport. Because of Berlin’s special status throughout the Cold War, Lufthansa was not allowed to fly to the airports of either part of the city.

Lufthansa ashtray with company logo. Photo © J. Elke Ertle, 2024, www.walled-in-berlin.com

Lufthansa ashtray with company logo. Photo © J. Elke Ertle, 2024, www.walled-in-berlin.com

Lufthansa ashtray, ca. 1966, showing company logo. Photo © J.
Elke Ertle, 2024. www.walled-in-berlin.com

The special status of Berlin

After Germany’s military defeat, France, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States shared supreme authority in all administrative affairs concerning Germany, as stated in the Berlin Declaration of 1945. Until German reunification in 1990, the four allied powers decreed that only British Airways, Air France, and PanAm (carriers of the three Western Allies), were allowed to land in West Berlin while Interflug (the East German airline) was permitted to land only in East Berlin.

Why Did Lufthansa maintain offices in Berlin?

During the years when Lufthansa was not allowed to fly to Berlin, it nonetheless transported passengers and cargo within West Germany and internationally. To fulfill freight shipment orders from Berlin to their final destinations, our Berlin office booked transport from West Berlin to West Germany with any of the three Western carriers. After reaching West Germany, passengers and cargo were shifted to Lufthansa flights. The process was similar to the airline alliances we see today.

Brief History of Lufthansa

Lufthansa is a well-known airline with a long and interesting history. Its predecessor, Deutsche Luft Hansa, was established in 1926. However, the company was dissolved after World War II due to its association with Hitler’s Nazi government. In 1953, former employees of Deutsche Luft Hansa founded Luftag (Aktiengesellschaft für Luftverkehrsbedarf). It was later renamed Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft. The latter is now known as Lufthansa, the flag carrier of Germany.

Branding

The Lufthansa logo, which features a stylized crane in flight inside a circle, was originally designed by Otto Firle in 1918. In 1926, it was adopted by Deutsche Luft Hansa. When the current company, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, was established, it continued to use  the logo – a yellow crane on a blue background.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: Historical or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

The Swabian Housewife Explained

Monday, December 18th, 2023

Swabian Housewife is a moniker for a homemaker who knows how to live within the family budget. Her guiding principles are: “Spend less than you earn,” and “Don’t live beyond your means.” Angela Merkel, https://www.walled-in-berlin.com/j-elke-ertle/angela-merkel/ former German chancellor, turned the metaphor into a household word in 2008 when she argued that Europe was living beyond its means and could learn from the Swabian Housewife. And when American banks were failing, she said they should have consulted a Swabian Housewife because she could have told them how to deal with money.

Where is Swabia?

Swabia is located in the south of Germany, roughly between Munich and Stuttgart. Its inhabitants are known to be hardworking, thrifty (not stingy), and resourceful. The Swabian saying “Schaffe, schaffe – Häusle baue” (work, work – and build your own home) epitomizes the willingness to work hard to achieve one’s dreams. This lifestyle has its roots in the 19th century when extreme poverty was common. Another influence was religion. Lutheranism praised hard work and shunned worldly amusements. Economizing became a way of life and continues today.

The Swabian Housewife Approach to Life

A Swabian Housewife only buys what her family needs. She rarely buys on credit, never throws anything away unless it is broken and cannot be repaired, and grows her own fruit and vegetables, if possible. Swabians start saving for retirement early in life, save up to a third of a property’s value before applying for a mortgage, tend to drive older model cars, and avoid showing off.

The Swabian Housewife, image courtesy of Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay, www.walled-in-berlin.com

The Swabian Housewife, image courtesy of Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay, www.walled-in-berlin.com

Deutscher Hausfrauenbund (German housewife association)

There even is a German Housewife association (Deutscher Hausfrauenbund) in Swabia. It offers courses on how to run a household and how to budget. Courses lead to a “master housewife” certification which has become popular. Hospitals, retirement homes, and rehabilitation centers increasingly prefer to hire program graduates.

My Connection to the Swabian Housewife

I grew up in Prussia, not Swabia, but I must have internalized the Swabian Housewife concept even before it became a household phrase. I, too, repurpose whenever possible, grow my own fruits and vegetables, cook from scratch, and don’t replace my car until repairs become costlier than purchasing a new one. Finally, there is a name for my approach to money management.😀

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: Historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

Rudolf Diesel – Inventor of Peanut-Powered Engine

Monday, November 20th, 2023

Rudolf Diesel was born in Paris in 1858 to German immigrants. Before immigrating to France, Diesel Sr. had been a bookbinder in his native Bavaria. In Paris, he became a manufacturer of leather goods. The family worked hard to make ends meet. Young Diesel worked in his father’s shop and made customer deliveries. At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the family was forced to leave France and resettled in London. Even before the war ended the following year, his mother sent Rudolf to live with an aunt and uncle in Augsburg, Germany, and learn the language. Diesel completed his basic education in 1873 and graduated from university in 1880.

More than 100 years ago, Rudolf Diesel patented a design for a new type of internal combustion engine. Photo taken in June 1892 - https.//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:Rudolf Diesel2.jpgwww.walled-in-berlin.com

More than 100 years ago, Rudolf Diesel patented a design for a new type of internal combustion engine. Photo taken in June 1892 – https.//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:Rudolf Diesel2.jpg
www.walled-in-berlin.com

Diesel’s Career

Following graduation, Rudolf Diesel returned to Paris to work with Carl von Linde, one of his former university professors, on the construction of a modern refrigeration plant. But Dr. Diesel’s first love was engineering, and he soon began to experiment with a more efficient internal combustion engine than existed at the time. The steam engines of their day wasted 90% of the energy, and Diesel intended to invent a more efficient engine.

Rudolf Diesel Tests his Engine Design

Diesel built his first engine model in 1892. After several original design revisions, his first viable engine was called “Motor 250/400.” He tested it in 1897. Three years later, Dr. Diesel introduced the first engine to run on 100 percent peanut oil. It was more than 75 percent efficient. The steam engines of the time were less than 10 percent efficient. That put him at odds with the petroleum industry. He ended up modifying his diesel engine to run on the oil refinery product we now know as “diesel.” His peanut-powered engine was soon forgotten.

Today’s Diesel Engine

The primary fuel used in today’s diesel engines is Petrodiesel which isderived from unrefined petroleum. Biodiesel, on the other hand, is a renewable, biodegradable fuel, manufactured from peanut oil, soybean oil, canola oil, cottonseed oil, animal fat, or recycled restaurant grease. In 2008, the rise in fuel prices, coupled with concerns about the remaining petroleum reserves, led to an increased use of biodiesel. Biodiesel now powers many semi-trucks, tractors, heavy construction equipment, boats, school buses, city transit buses, military equipment, diesel pickup trucks, passenger vehicles, home heating burners, electrical generators.

Rudolf Diesel’s Mysterious Death

In 1913, Rudolf Diesel died in controversial circumstances just before the outbreak of World War I. On a trip from Belgium to England on the steamer, SS Dresden, he disappeared. There were rumors that he had been murdered by agents from the big oil trust. Some speculated that he was killed by coal magnates. Others theorized that he was assassinated by German spies to prevent him from sharing details about the development of the German U-boat. There is also the possibility that he deliberately jumped overboard because he was in financial trouble. To this day, the case remains unsolved. One thing is certain however: Rudolf Diesel was a man ahead of his time.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: Historical or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

Berlin’s House Numbering Mystery

Monday, October 16th, 2023

Berlin’s house numbering system is often a mystery to newcomers. Finding a building can turn into a challenge because the number assigned to a structure depends on the district. Let’s say you are getting your hair done at a Beauty Salon at Windscheidstrasse 1 in Berlin Charlottenburg and would like to grab a bite to eat afterward at Mirko, a Croatian restaurant, at Windscheidstrasse 40. The street is only four blocks long, and you decide to walk the short distance.

Since the Beauty Salon is on the west side of Windscheidstrasse at the northern end, you head south expecting to find the restaurant at the end of your walk on the opposite side of the street. Wrong. The last building on the west side of Windscheidstrasse is the number 19. Across the street, on the east side, is the number 20. What happened to Windscheidstrasse 40? You walk north on the east side, and the numbers increase again. Guess what? After walking the four blocks back to where you started, you find yourself standing in front of Mirko’s and directly across from the Beauty Salon you came from. How did that happen?

 


The horseshoe system of numbering to help the mail carrier. Photo © J. Elke Ertle. www.walled-in-berlin.com

 

Berlin has two distinct house numbering systems.

Depending on the district in which the building is located, one of two house numbering methods is used: The horseshoe system and the odd/even (zigzag) system. The historic center of Berlin, such as Charlottenburg and Mitte, uses the horseshoe method. The odd/even system governs the newer districts, such as Dahlem and Zehlendorf.

Origin of the horseshoe system

When Berlin began numbering houses, city officials wanted to simplify the task of the mailman. Soon after the French Revolution, Paris had introduced house numbers. In 1799, the Prussian capital copied Paris, which had used the horseshoe system. Now, when the letter carrier delivered the mail, he started at house number 1 and walked toward the end of that side of the street and back on the other. House numbers were consecutive from the first to the last number. That is why house number 1 in the Windscheidstrasse ends up straight across from house no. 40.

Origin of the odd/even system

The odd/even system also originated in France. Soon after introducing the horseshoe system, France switched to the odd-even numbering system because it allowed for extending streets without having to change house numbers. Under the odd/even system, all houses on one side have even numbers. All buildings on the other side have odd numbers. In 1927, Berlin also switched to the odd/even system, but only for the houses in the newer communities. Because of cost considerations, city officials decided to keep the horseshoe system in the original districts, the center of town.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: Historical or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall, and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.