Archive for the ‘Tête-à-Tête’ Category

German Christians renounced their faith

Thursday, February 12th, 2015

Up to 400,000 German Christians renounced their faith and left the church in recent months to protest a tax law change, said Justin Huggler who writes for “The Telegraph.” As it stands, every German Christian is required to pay a church tax to the Catholic or the Protestant Church. The tax is due regardless of whether or not he attends church services. Once baptized, he is considered a member of the church and obligated to pay. The tax is payable to the government along with income taxes. The government then distributes the amount collected to the appropriate denomination. According to the 2011 census, around 30.8 per cent of German Christians (24.7 million people) are Catholics and 30.3 per cent (24.3 million people) are Protestants. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/11380968/Compulsory-income-tax-on-Christians-drives-Germans-away-from-Protestant-and-Catholic-churches.html

Tax Law Change under German Law

An 8% or 9% church tax for German Christians has been compulsory for as long as I can remember. My father – a Protestant – threatened many years ago to leave the church to avoid paying these taxes. Under German Law, he was obligated to not only pay his own church tax to the Protestant Church but also the church tax of my mother – a Catholic. Since my mother did not work outside our home, her church tax was based on my father’s income. He thought that unfair (see “A Matter of Faith” in my memoir Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom). A recent change in German tax laws requires financial institutions to withhold the church tax on capital gains in addition to income earned. This change is what has sparked a German mass exodus from both, Catholic and Protestant churches.

Koellner Dom - Cologne Cathedral - Photo by J. Elke Ertle ©2014

Koellner Dom – Cologne Cathedral – Photo by J. Elke Ertle © 2014

What it means to leave the Church

Church taxes are used to fund church activities, schools and day care centers. The only way to avoid paying these taxes is to formally renounce one’s church membership. Until recently, most German Christians have paid the extra tax for the benefits it affords them. Now, they are rethinking their options. To leave the church is more than a formality. Not only does the government charge a fee for processing the declaration to leave the church, but German Christians can also be denied certain rites once they have left the faith. Although they cannot be excommunicated or prevented from taking part in church services, they can be denied religious burial and access to the best state-funded schools. German Catholics who renounce their church membership are also barred from confession, communion and from the anointing of the sick, unless close to death.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

8 ways to fight a cold the German way

Thursday, February 5th, 2015

Have you been catching too many colds lately? Were you able to stop that developing sore throat in its tracks? What about bringing down that nasty fever? If you haven’t been successful, why not add some new approaches to your repertoire? Here are eight ways the Germans fight these minor calamities. Maybe some of their approaches will work for you, too.

  1. Germans fight the common cold by drinking boiled beer. They believe that the antiviral properties in hops knock down a cold. That sounds like a good reason to have a beer, doesn’t it?

 

  1. Germans fight a fever by wrapping a damp, lukewarm cloth around their calves. They swear it reduces the body temperature faster than a damp cloth on the forehead. Sounds logical, doesn’t it? Why not try it?

 

  1. Germans fight a sore throat by wearing a warm scarf around the neck. However, scarfs, worn by women as well as men, also happen to be the current haute couture. That makes it a little tricky to tell a sick person from a fashion-conscious one.

 

  1. Germans try to stave off colds, influenza and a sore neck by avoiding drafts. Drafts are a big deal. I remember my mother yelling almost on a daily basis, “close the door, the window is open!” Outdoor gusts are healthy. A draft is a killer. You figure.

 

  1. Germans fight the queasiness that follows diarrhea or vomiting by eating pretzel sticks or twice-baked biscuits, called “Zwieback.” They are filling and tasty. Give them a try.

 

  1. Germans fight congestion by taking a hot water bath, laced with salts of chamomile. A hot bath in any way, shape or form sounds always good to me.

 

  1. Germans soothe a cough by drinking a cup of warm milk with honey.

 

  1. Germans fight viral infections by drinking the juice of boiled onions. That one I could probably do without.

 

To find out whether these approaches are based on hard science or anecdotal folk medicine, check out Conor Dillon http://www.dw.de/top-stories/germany/s-1432

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

 

What happened to the East German Mark?

Thursday, January 29th, 2015

What happened to the East German Mark following German reunification? The obsolete coins were melted down. But the obsolete banknotes underwent a far more interesting death.

Life of the East German Mark

It all started in 1948. Three days after the Western Allies introduced the West German Deutsche Mark in the American, British and French sectors, the Soviets issued an East German version of the Deutsche Mark in their sector. Although the two currencies bore the same name – Deutsche Mark – they differed in appearance and value. Then, in 1964, the East German government changed the name of their currency to Mark der Deutschen Notenbank. In 1968, they changed that name again to Mark der DDR or simply “Mark.” It remained the East German currency until German reunification in 1990.

Mark der DDR - 1968 to 1989, photo by J. Elke Ertle © 2014

Mark der DDR – 1968 to 1989, Photo by J. Elke Ertle © 2914

The Mark following Reunification

Political unification also meant the end of the East German Mark. On 1 July 1990, the Mark was officially demonetized, and East Germany adopted the West German Deutsche Mark. East German citizens were allowed to convert up to 4,000 Mark into Deutsche Mark at a ratio of 1:1. A smaller amount applied to children and a larger one to pensioners. Savings in excess of 4,000 Mark, company debts and housing loans could be converted at a rate of 2:1. Funds acquired shortly before reunification were considered “speculative” and could only be converted at a rate of 3:1.

Destruction of the Mark

Following reunification, the obsolete East German currency became the property of the Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau – KfW – (Credit Institute for Reconstruction). About 4,500 tons of obsolete coins were recycled by selling a portion of them to the auto industry and melting down the rest. The obsolete banknotes, however, (about 620 million Mark) http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/vergessene-orte-a-946505.html were placed into storage in two sandstone caverns in the mountains near Halberstadt in Saxony-Anhalt. There they were left to rot. During the slow process of decomposition, however, two youths broke into the caves and made off with some of the money. Following the theft in 2001, the KfW opted to burn the remaining out-of-date East German paper currency. Thus in 2002, the last obsolete Marks were burned.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

Stasi files online now

Thursday, January 22nd, 2015

“East German Stasi files open to public online for the first time,” states Justin Huggler’s in an article in the Telegraph on January 9, 2015.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/11336288/East-German-Stasi-files-open-to-public-online-for-first-time.html

Who is the Stasi?

The term *Stasi” refers to the East German Ministry for State Security (Ministerium fuer Staatssicherheit – MfS for short). The Stasi has been called the most repressive secret police agency ever. One of its tasks was to spy on its own population through agents but also through a vast network of citizen-informants. The Stasi countered opposition by overt and covert means, often involving psychological techniques.

Stasi files since German reunification

Following the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the Stasi tried to destroy the almost 70 miles of documents it had on file. It was stopped by ordinary citizens who stormed and occupied the agency’s offices. As a result, the Stasi was able to destroy only about 5% of all documents. Following a declassification ruling by the new German government in 1992, the remaining files were opened. According to the Telegraph, almost 7 million applications to view these files have been registered since then.

What Stasi files are available online?

Available for viewing online are 161 documents, 29 photos, 6 audios and 18 videos. They include information on the 1953 East German uprising against communist rule, the 1960 execution of defected border officer Manfred Smolka, Stasi chief Erich Mielke’s comments on the shoot-to-kill policy (read also: http://www.walled-in-berlin.com/j-elke-ertle/erich-mielke-master-of-fear/, the 1983 concert of West German rock star Udo Lindenberg and the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall. For privacy reasons, the website does not include files on living individuals.

To access the online information, currently available only in German, go to http://www.stasi-mediathek.de/sammlungen/.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

Germany’s Fascination With the American Wild West

Thursday, January 15th, 2015

My early fascination with the American Wild West was probably due to books by Karl May. This prolific German writer had published many adventure novels in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In the mid-1900s, his books were still extremely popular. Even Albert Einstein, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Franz Kafka, filmmaker Fritz Lang, and Hermann Hesse loved Karl May stories. http://www.goethe.de/ins/gb/lp/prj/mtg/typ/win/en4769564.htm

This writer influenced my image of Native Americans so much that growing up in Germany, I dressed up as an American Indian at many of our annual Fasching (carnival) parties.

Karl Friedrich May (1842-1912)

Karl May published over 70 novels. The plots were set in the Orient, Middle East or the American Wild West. To date, more than 200 million copies of his books have been printed. Such a large number is “otherwise associated with dictators or the founders of religions — or J. K. Rowling with her Harry Potter series.” http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/marking-the-100th-anniversary-of-german-cult-author-karl-may-s-death-a-824566.html.

Karl Friedrich May (1842-1912) authored books about the American Wild West

Karl Friedrich May (1842-1912) authored books about the American Wild West

Winnetou and Old Shatterhand

Karl May is best known for creating the characters of the noble Apache chief, Winnetou, and his honorable German blood brother, Old Shatterhand. The plot takes the reader to the American Wild West, where the life of the Native Americans is threatened due to the construction of the transcontinental railroad. Old Shatterhand (a German immigrant whose birthday name is Karl) works as a surveyor for paleface bosses. His job is to plot the rail line through Arizona. His superiors never consulted the Apaches before grabbing their land. Winnetou captures Old Shatterhand and threatens to execute him unless he can beat an Apache warrior in hand-to-hand combat. Old Shatterhand takes on Winnetou’s father, wins the fight, but spares the man’s life. From then on, Winnetou and Old Shatterhand are fast friends and team up to fight white man’s exploitation.

Winnetou is portrayed as brave, loyal, humble and generous while Native Americans are depicted as innocent victims of white law-breakers. Old Shatterhand gives the impression of a German super-cowboy. This image ran so deep in Germany in the 1960s that we played “Robbers and Indians,” not “Cowboys and Indians.”

Did Karl May write from experience?

An interesting aside to Karl May’s adventure novels about the American Wild West is that he never actually visited the Southwest. Years after having written his popular books, he finally travelled to America. But on that brief trip he visited only typical tourist attractions and carried only standard guidebooks. Karl May must have possessed lots and lots of imagination because he created a world that fascinated scores of young and mature adults for many years, using nothing more than maps, travel accounts and guidebooks, anthropological and linguistic studies to do it.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betray 

 

Kneipp Cold Water Cure

Thursday, January 8th, 2015

In 1855, Father Sebastian Kneipp, a Catholic priest, became known as a man who could cure illness with applications of ice-cold water. Having cured himself of severe tuberculosis with cold water applications, he applied the principle to curing other diseases as well. He became well-known throughout Europe. His clients included the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and Pope Leo XIII. In America, Kneipp Societies became the forerunners of today’s AANP (American Association of Neuropathic Physicians).

The Life of Father Kneipp

Sebastian Kneipp was born in 1821 in a small town in Bavaria, Germany, approximately 50 miles west of Munich. Like his father, he was to become a weaver. By age 12 years, he already worked full-time in his father’s business, but in his heart he wanted to become a priest. His father said, “We have no money to send you to university. If God had wanted you to become a priest, he surely would have given us the money to send you to school.” But the young Kneipp did not give in. With the help of a mentor he managed to enter preparatory school at age 23 and university four years later. While a student, he contracted severe tuberculosis, a disease thought to be incurable. Applying the principles of the healing powers of water, as discussed in a book by Johann Sigmund Hahn, Kneipp cured himself of the disease. He did so by immersing his body in the ice-cold water of the Danube River for a few seconds several times a week. In 1852 Father Kneipp was ordained, and three years later he settled in Bad Woerishofen.

Father Kneipp settles in Bad Woerishofen

When Kneipp began an intensive study of the healing powers of cold water and certain plants Bad Woerishofen was a small village with 969 residents in 1855. Upon conclusion of his studies, Sebastian Kneipp was certain that in order to be healthy the human body needed physical exercise, a healthy diet and in balance of body, mind and soul. http://www.kneipp.com. To achieve health in his patients, he started a humble practice. Initially, his sole implements for affecting cures consisted of a wooden tub, a ladle and a watering can. He had many successes and his fame grew. In 1886, Father Kneipp published a book, entitled, “My Water Cure” which has been republished many times and translated into many languages.

Statue of Father Sebastian Kneipp in Bad Woerishofen, Photo by J. Elke Ertle © 2014

Statue of Father Sebastian Kneipp in Bad Woerishofen Photo by J. Elke Ertle © 2014

The Town of Bad Woerishofen

Germany has 378 spa towns. Sixty-eight of them offer the Kneipp method of healing. Today, Bad Woerishofen has 14,000 inhabitants,165 clinics and hotels, 160 miles of foot- and bicycle baths, thermal pools, herb and aroma gardens, a barefoot and a forest trail, tennis courts and golf courses. The town’s thermal pools, which include water-rich in sulphur, iodine and salt, are said to help alleviate chronic joint pain and circulatory disorders. I have only visited a few of Germany’s spa towns, but Bad Woerishofen has a special spot in my heart. It is beautifully manicured and a low-key and peaceful place to decompress and regenerate while taking long walks and listening to open-air afternoon concerts.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

 

Same Procedure as Last Year?

Wednesday, December 31st, 2014

If you ask any German, “The Same Procedure as Last Year?” chances are he will shoot back, “The Same Procedure as Every Year, James.” The reason is that half of all Germans have watched the 18-minute black-and-white British comedy, Dinner for One before. Even if they don’t speak any English, they probably have watched the skit in English (no subtitles or dubbing) once a year for years because it is a beloved German New Year’s Eve tradition. While Americans watch the clock wind down and break into Auld Lang Syne to ring in the New Year, Germans turn on the TV and watch Dinner for One.

History of Dinner for One

The Englishman, Lauri Wylie, wrote the comedy for theatre in the 1920s. Forty years later, in 1962, British actors Freddie Frinton and May Warden performed the farce in Blackpool, England. Frinton played the butler and Warden the elderly aristocrat. German entertainer, Peter Frankenfeld, hired the pair on the spot for a live performance on his show at the Theater am Besenbinderhof in Hamburg, Germany. The following year, the German television station Norddeutscher Rundfunk recorded Frinton and Warden in a single take. They felt that the pair’s performance transcended all language barriers, not requiring translation. The network simply had a narrator give a brief introduction in German to set the scene. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the skit became the most frequently aired television program ever.

Story line

Miss Sophie celebrates her 90th birthday by hosting a dinner party for her friends Sir Toby, Admiral von Schneider, Mr. Pommeroy and Mr. Winterbottom. Unfortunately her guests have died years ago. But the dinner party must go on and follow the same procedure as every year. James, the butler, now has to take the places of Miss Sophie’s four long-dead friends. He not only has to serve the appropriate drinks along with each course, but he also has to impersonate each guest and empty that guest’s glass. With four dinner guests and four courses he has to down sixteen drinks. Slowly, James’ refined demeanor begins to slip. He looses his coordination and slurs his speech while Miss Sophie remains oblivious. With each course James asks,

“The same procedure as last year, Miss Sophie?” and Miss Sophie always replies,

“The same procedure as every year, James!”

New Year’s Eve Tradition

Although Dinner for One has been a standing New Year’s Eve tradition in Germany since 1972, it is virtually unknown in most English-speaking countries, including the United States, Canada and even Great Britain. Instead the performance is aired in many European countries, Australia and South Africa. If you haven’t seen this comedy, you have missed a gem. I watch Dinner for One once a year and never fail to find it hilarious. Click here to see Freddie Frinton and May Warden in action: www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1v4BYV-YvA.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

 

Christmas calendar and Advent wreath

Thursday, December 18th, 2014

When I grew up in Berlin, Germany, the children’s Christmas season started with an Adventskalender (Christmas calendar or literally “advent” calendar).

Advent calendar

In those days, Christmas calendars were made from a piece of cardboard that had a paper backing. Twenty-five “windows” were cut into the winter-themed piece of cardboard. When opened, each window revealed a Christmas symbol or scene. Like other children, during the first twenty-five days of December, I was allowed to open one window each day. The window for Christmas Day was extra large and usually revealed a picture of the Nativity. Today’s Christmas calendars are often filled with chocolates or candy, and children find a sweet treat behind each window.

Advent

The Advent calendar helped me understand how close we were to Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, my two favorite days of the year. Having grown up in a secular family, I did not realize then that the true purpose of advent is to prepare for the celebration of the birth of Jesus. The word “Advent” comes from the Latin word adventus, which means “coming.” It was meant to be a religious celebration, but for me it always was a secular tradition. For information on the religious tradition visit http://www.christianity.com/christian-life/christmas/what-is-advent.html

Advent wreath

The second wonderful pre-Christmas tradition I remember from my childhood is our Advent wreath (Adventskranz). Every year on the fourth Sunday before Christmas, a wreath of simple fir branches would magically appear in our house. Its fragrant branches held four red candles and golden ribbons, tied into bows. We lit the first candle in the afternoon of the fourth Sunday before Christmas while sipping a cup of coffee and indulging in a piece of Stollen, a traditional Christmas treat. The following Sunday, we lit two candles, then three until we could light all four candles on the last Sunday before Christmas.

Third Advent - three candles are lit

Third Advent – three candles are lit

These two traditions, the Advent calendar and the Advent wreath, preceded Christmas every year in our home and had me anticipate my favorite two days for weeks in advance.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

Winter without Gluehwein is like…

Thursday, December 11th, 2014

In German-speaking countries, winter without Gluehwein is like… apple pie without ice cream, French fries without catsup, or chips without dip. Gluehwein (glow wine) is a hot, spiced wine. It is usually made from red wine and always served piping hot, making it extremely popular on cold winter days and especially during the Christmas season. Roughly 40 million liters of Gluehwein are consumed every year at German Christmas markets alone.

Gluehwein – around the world

Although known by different names, variations of this hot, spiced wine are enjoyed throughout the world. Ingredients may differ, but the enjoyment is universal. Poles relish their “heated wine.” In Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic and Macedonia “boiled wine” is a favorite. The people in Bulgaria, Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia drink “cooked wine” and the Italians delight in “burnt wine.” The Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Fins and Icelanders call it “Gloegg,” and in the Netherlands it is referred to as “bishop’s wine.” The French and Turks simply call it “hot wine,” and the Russian “Glintwein” is based on the same recipe as the German Gluehwein. In Germany, a popular variation of Gluehwein is the Feuerzangenbowle (fire-tongs bowl). It is made from the same recipe, but a rum-soaked sugarloaf is placed on the pot, set on fire and allowed to drip into the wine.

Gluehwein – ingredients

This delicious cold weather drink is usually made from red wine, various spices (cinnamon, cloves, star anise, cardamom, vanilla bean), lemon or orange juice and sugar. After bringing the mixture close to a point, rum or some other liquor may be added. Gluehwein can also be made with white wine; however, this version is less popular than its red counterpart. Occasionally, fruit wines, such as blueberry wine or cherry wine, are also used.

My Gluehwein recipe

Every Gluehwein aficionado has his or her favorite recipe. Here is mine:

Ingredients: 2 cups of water, 2 bottles of good quality red wine, juice of 2 lemons, 5 oz sugar, 6 cloves, 2 cinnamon sticks, 2 oranges (cut into bite size pieces), orange slices for decoration, 3 oz rum (optional)

Preparation: Place the water and spices in a pot and bring to a boil. Simmer for 15 minutes. Discard the spices. Add the remaining ingredients (except rum), stir and bring close to the boiling point without allowing the mixture to boil. This keeps the alcohol from evaporating. Serve Gluehwein in lightly prewarmed cups. Decorate each cup with an orange slice.

If you don’t want to bother making your own spiced wine, just book a flight and head for one of the many Christmas markets in Germany.

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic or current events, people, places or food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.

 

Glienicker Bruecke – Bridge of Spies

Wednesday, November 26th, 2014

Glienicker Bruecke (Glienicke Bridge) is located in Germany and connects Brandenburg’s capital Potsdam to Berlin’s Wannsee district. Since the division of Berlin, the border between Soviet-occupied East Berlin and the US-occupied western sector of Berlin ran right through the center of the bridge. For this reason, the Western Allies and the Soviets used Glienicke Bridge during the Cold War years to exchange captured spies.

Glienicker Bruecke – History

Today’s Glienicker Bruecke, is the fourth bridge that spans the Havel River on this site. The first bridge was build around 1660 and was made of wood. In order to accommodate increased traffic between Berlin and the Emperor’s new castle in Potsdam, the wooden bridge was replaced with a brick and wood drawbridge in the first quarter of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the drawbridge no longer met the needs of the populace and was replaced with an iron bridge. But at the end of World War II, in April 1945, an unexploded shell severely damaged Glienicke Bridge. Reconstruction was completed in 1949 and the East German government renamed it “Bridge of Unity” because of the close proximity of East and West.

During the Cold War years, East German authorities closed the bridge to the people of West Berlin and West Germany in 1952 and also to East German citizens in 1961, when the Berlin Wall was constructed. Soon, Glienicker Bruecke became a favored point of exchange of secret agents between East and West. By the 1970s, the bridge needed significant repairs. West Berlin repaired its half to the bridge in 1980 and the East German half of the structure in 1985. The deal included a provision that the East German authorities would rename the bridge “Glienicker Bruecke” once again. One day after the opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the bridge also reopened to pedestrians.

1960 - Tourists having their picture taken on the western side of Glienicker Bruecke, photo © J. Elke Ertle, 2014

1960 – Tourists having their picture taken on the western side of Glienicker Bruecke, photo © J. Elke Ertle, 2014

Glienicker Bruecke – Bridge of Spies

During the Cold War, Glienicker Bruecke became the site of three well-known East/West spy exchanges, which resulted it the name “Bridge of Spies.”

1962 – The US exchanges Soviet Intelligence officer Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher (also known as Rudolf Abel) for American pilot Francis Gary Powers whose U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission over Soviet Union airspace and the American Ph.D. student Frederic L. Pryor. The exchange inspired the 2015 movie, “Bridge of Spies, starring Tom Hanks as James Donovan, Abel’s defense attorney, and Sebastian Koch as the East German attorney Wolfgang Vogel who brokered some of the most famous spy swaps between East and West.  For more information on Wolfgang Vogel’s involvement, visit http://www.walled-in-berlin.com/j-elke-ertle/wolfgang-vogel-east-german-profiteer/

1964 – The United Kingdom exchanges Soviet intelligence officer Konon Molody for British spy Greville Wynne.

1986 – The US exchanges Czech spies Karl and Hana Koecher, Soviet spy Yevgeni Zemlyakov, Polish spy Marian Zacharski and East German spy Detlef Scharfenorth for human rights campaigner Anatoly Sharansky and three low-level Western spies. http://www.planet-wissen.de/politik_geschichte/ddr/geteilte_stadt_berlin/agententausch.jsp

 

For a sneak peek at the first 20+ pages of my memoir, Walled-In: A West Berlin Girl’s Journey to Freedom, click “Download a free excerpt” on my home page and feel free to follow my blog about anything German: historic and current events, people, places and food.

Walled-In is my story of growing up in Berlin during the Cold War. Juxtaposing the events that engulfed Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Wall and Kennedy’s Berlin visit with the struggle against my equally insurmountable parental walls, Walled-In is about freedom vs. conformity, conflict vs. harmony, domination vs. submission, loyalty vs. betrayal.